IGCSE, A Level Business Student Forum

Management is the ability to plan, organise, coordinate and control business activities, while leadership is the ability to motivate, guide and inspire people toward the organisation’s goals.
These are not two separate roles they are two qualities that the same person should have to run a business ...

KN: A key difference is that Theory X managers believe employees dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need close supervision, while Theory Y managers believe employees enjoy work, take responsibility, and can work independently .

APP: For example, a Theory X manager in a supermarket may ...

KN: One disadvantage of laissez faire leadership is that employees receive very little guidance from managers, which can cause confusion and mistakes when tasks are not clearly explained.

APP: In a healthcare service, nurses and junior medical staff may not know exactly how to handle certain ...

KN: One disadvantage of democratic leadership is that decisions take longer because the leader asks for opinions from employees before finalising anything.

APP: In an outbound call centre selling mobile SIMs, the manager may ask calling agents for ideas before changing the sales script or adjusting ...

KN: One disadvantage of autocratic leadership is that it can reduce morale because employees have no input in decisions and feel their opinions do not matter .

APP: In defence forces, soldiers may feel frustrated if commanders always give strict orders and never ask for ideas, even when soldiers ...

KN: Self-awareness means a manager understands their own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, and how their behaviour affects others.

APP: For example, a manager at Apple who realises they get stressed during tight deadlines might take a short break before speaking to their team to avoid sounding harsh ...

KN: One advantage of laissez-faire leadership is that it gives freedom to skilled employees to make decisions on their own without constant supervision .

APP: In a healthcare service, like a private hospital, doctors, surgeons and senior nurses often need to make immediate clinical decisions based ...

kN: One advantage of democratic leadership is that it increases employee morale because workers feel valued when they are involved in decision-making .

APP: For example, in a company like Google, managers often ask employees for ideas before making changes to products or workplace policies.

AN ...

KN: One advantage of autocratic leadership is that decisions are made very quickly because the leader gives orders without needing anyone’s input. This is useful when fast action is required .

APP: In defence forces, like the army or air force, commanders often need to make immediate decisions ...

KN: According to Mintzberg, the Leader role means guiding, motivating, and supporting employees so they work towards the organisation’s goals. A manager encourages the team, gives direction, and helps solve problems .

APP: For example, at Google, team leaders hold regular meetings to motivate ...

KN: According to Fayol, planning means setting goals for the business and deciding the best way to achieve them. It is like creating a clear roadmap before the business takes action .

APP: For example, Apple managers plan ahead before launching a new iPhone by deciding the target market, expected ...

[Def]

Training and development is when a business teaches employees new skills or improves existing ones to help them do their jobs better and grow professionally.

Point in Favor (Advantages of Training & Development)

[KN]
Training improves staff skills and knowledge, which increases efficiency ...

[Def]

Training and development is when a business teaches employees new skills or improves existing ones to help them do their jobs better and grow professionally.

Point in Favor (Yes, it is the best way)

[KN]
Training improves employee skills, knowledge, and confidence, which directly increases ...

[Def]
Workforce planning is the process of making sure the university has the right number of staff with the right skills in the right positions at the right time.

[KN]
It is important because it helps the university organize its staff efficiently, match staff skills to tasks, and prepare for ...

(KN)
One function of HRM is performance management, which involves checking how well employees are doing and giving feedback to improve performance.

(APP)
For example, at Apple, HR regularly reviews engineers and production staff to make sure phones are designed and assembled efficiently, and to ...