21 Explain what is meant by 'horizontal integration', using an example.

[Shaliza khawaja]

Horizontal integration happens when a business merges with or takes over another firm at the same stage of production in the same industry.
for example if Coca-Cola merged with Pepsi, it would be horizontal integration because both companies produce soft drinks
This helps increase market share and reduce competition while also increasing revenue and also benefiting from economies of scale

[Areeba Arshad]

[KN] Horizontal integration occurs when two businesses at the same stage of production in the same industry join together.
[APP] For example, one supermarket buying another supermarket, like Tesco acquiring Morrisons, would be horizontal integration.
[AN] This helps the combined business increase its market share, reduce competition in the industry and benefit from economies of scale through shared resources and operations.

[sarah_naeem]

[KN]: Horizontal integration is when a business merges with or takeovers business in the same industry normally it's direct competitors.
[APP]: For example, if Jazz buys, takes over or merges with Warid in order to expand internally.
[AN]: Thus, this would lead to lower competition in market and would increase the market share of the company that took over its competitor which would further lead to long term success and growth of business.

[hassanalizafar]

[KN] HI is when a business expands by acquiring or merging with another company at the same stage of production and offering similar products or services.
[APP] For instance, if Samsung were to acquire Apple, it would be horizontal integration since both operate in the smartphone industry.
[AN] This helps the business increase its market share which reduces competition hence leads to lower average costs through economies of scalewhich increases the pool of resources for innovation hence strengthen its market position in the market.